Bladder cancer
| PAG Title | Bladder cancer |
| PAG ID | WAG000989 |
| Type | P |
| Source Link |  KEGG |
| Publication Reference | NA |
| PAG Description | The urothelium covers the lumil surface of almost the entire uriry tract, extending from the rel pelvis, through the ureter and bladder, to the proximal urethra. The majority of urothelial carcinoma are bladder carcinomas, and urothelial carcinomas of the rel pelvis and ureter account for only approximately 7% of the total. Urothelial tumours arise and evolve through divergent phenotypic pathways. Some tumours progress from urothelial hyperplasia to low-grade non-invasive superficial papillary tumours. More aggressive variants arise either from flat, high-grade carcinoma in situ (CIS) and progress to invasive tumours, or they arise de novo as invasive tumours. Low-grade papillary tumors frequently show a constitutive activation of the receptor tyrosine kise-Ras pathway, exhibiting activating mutations in the HRAS and fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) genes. In contrast, CIS and invasive tumors frequently show alterations in the TP53 and RB genes and pathways. Invasion and metastases are promoted by several factors that alter the tumour microenvironment, including the aberrant expression of E-cadherins (E-cad), matrix metalloproteises (MMPs), angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). |
| Species | Homo sapiens |
| Quality Metric Scores | nCoCo Score: 2,833 |
| Information Content | Rich |
| Other IDs | hsa05219 |
| Base PAG ID | WAG000989 |
| Human Phenotyte Annotation | |
| Curator | PAGER curation team |
| Curator Contact | PAGER-contact@googlegroups.com |
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